Malariablood in the pocket. / Malariablut in der Westentasche.

For the first time on June 5, 1919, at the Hamburg State Hospital Friedrichsberg, two paralytics were artificially infected with malaria, subjecting them to the new malaria fever treatment according to Wagner-Jauregg (1917). This article examines the life stories and medical histories of these patients, an opera singer and a yardmaster, and provides an interpretation based on their medical files. Relevant contemporary medical publications contextualise the specific configurations of their hospital stay. In both cases, a detailed comparison between each medical file and the published case history reveals remarkable.discrepancies. A specific concept of remission, mainly determined by the level of restoration of a patient's working power, i. e. the ability to work, was implemented. Finally, the article considers the question of why the new therapy method was introduced in Hamburg specifically on June 5, 1919.

[Madness and malaria--intersections and boundary blurring between psychiatry and tropical medicine in Hamburg]. / Wahnsinn und Malaria--Schnittpunkte und Grenzverwischungen zwischen Psychiatrie und Tropenmedizin in Hamburg (1900-1925).

The object of this article is to point out and to discuss the significant intersections and boundary blurring between psychiatry and tropical medicine while treating malaria in the German "colonial metropolis" Hamburg. The focus of this study is the Hamburg asylum at Friedrichsberg and the Institute for Maritime and Tropical Diseases (Hamburg Tropical Institute). Under analysis are two groups of patients as well as the means with which their doctors treated them: 1. patients who have been sent back from the German colonies in Africa after mental disorders had been diagnosed, and 2. patients suffering from general paralysis and treated in Friedrichsberg after 1919 using the then newly developed malaria fever therapy (according to Wagner-Jauregg). The implementation of this latter led to an intensification of the cooperation between psychiatry and tropical medicine in Hamburg which prior to this had been only very sporadic.

The Revista Médica project: medical journals as instruments of German foreign cultural policy towards Latin America, 1920-1938.

After the First World War, foreign cultural policy became one of the few fields in which Germany could act with relative freedom from the restrictions imposed by the Treaty of Versailles. In this context the Hamburg doctors Ludolph Brauer, Bernhard Nocht and Peter Mühlens created the Revista Médica de Hamburgo (as of 1928 Revista Médica Germano-Ibero-Americana), a monthly medical journal in Spanish (and occasionally in Portuguese), to increase German influence especially in Latin American countries. The focus of this article is on the protagonists of this project, the Hamburg doctors, the Foreign Office in Berlin, the German pharmaceutical industry, and the publishing houses involved.

The Revista Médica project: medical journals as instruments of German foreign cultural policy towards Latin America, 1920-1938 / O projeto Revista Médica: periódicos médicos como instrumentos da política cultural externa alemã para a América Latina, 1920-1938

After the First World War, foreign cultural policy became one of the few fields in which Germany could act with relative freedom from the restrictions imposed by the Treaty of Versailles. In this context the Hamburg doctors Ludolph Brauer, Bernhard Nocht and Peter Mühlens created the Revista Médica de Hamburgo (as of 1928 Revista Médica Germano-Ibero-Americana), a monthly medical journal in Spanish (and occasionally in Portuguese), to increase German influence especially in Latin American countries. The focus of this article is on the protagonists of this project, the Hamburg doctors, the Foreign Office in Berlin, the German pharmaceutical industry, and the publishing houses involved.

Depois da Primeira Guerra Mundial, a política cultural externa tornou-se um dos poucos campos em que a Alemanha podia atuar com relativa liberdade das restrições impostas pelo Tratado de Versalhes. Nesse contexto, os médicos Ludolph Brauer, Bernhard Nocht e Peter Mühlens, de Hamburgo, criaram a Revista Médica de Hamburgo (a partir de 1928 Revista Médica Germano-Ibero-Americana), um periódico mensal em espanhol (e ocasionalmente em português), para aumentar a influência alemã principalmente nos países da América Latina. O foco desse artigo são os protagonistas desse projeto: os médicos de Hamburgo, o Ministério das Relações Exteriores, a indústria farmacêutica alemã e as editoras.

[The Revista médica de Hamburgo. A medical journal as an instrument of German foreign cultural propaganda during the Weimar Republic]. / Die Revista médica de Hamburgo. Eine medizinische Fachzeitschrift als Instrument deutscher auswärtiger Kulturpropaganda während der Weimarer Republik.

After the First World War, foreign cultural policy became one of the few fields in which Germany could act relatively free from the restrictions of the Treaty of Versailles. In this context, in 1920 the Hamburg doctors Brauer, Nocht and Mühlens created a monthly medical journal in Spanish (and a bit of Portuguese) for use as an instrument of cultural propaganda, i.e. to increase German influence in Spain and, more importantly, in the countries of Latin America: the Revista médica de Hamburgo (since 1928 Revista médica germano-ibero-americana). The focus of the article is on the protagonists of the Revista project, i.e. the Hamburg doctors, the Cultural Department of the Foreign Office in Berlin, the German pharmaceutical industry, and the publishing houses involved: their conceptions and actions; their correspondence, negotiations, agreements and controversies.

[Dis/arranged medical histories à la Friedrichsberg. Explorations of foreign patients by multilingual fellow patients in a German asylum about 1900]. / Verlrückte Anamnesen à la Friedrichsberg. Explorationen ausländischer Patienten durch mehrsprachige Mitpatienten in einer deutschen Irrenanstalt um 1900.

This paper deals with two examples of a particular patient's activity at the Friedrichsberg Asylum in Hamburg in the beginning of the 20th century. Two multilingual patients assumed the function of interpreters in each case for a foreign fellow patient. They were involved to a great extent in the documentation of the medical histories. Conversations and interrogations carried out by them and recorded by their own hand are passed down in the medical files of their foreign-language fellow patients. After some preliminary remarks about the Friedrichsberg Asylum and its patients, the various activities of patients in the psychiatric institution and the importance of the patients' manner of speaking for the psychiatric diagnosis, the two cases are described in detail. The patient-interpreters were perceived as border-crossers, as "Figures of the Third".

["The communication is of course very difficult." The "insane re-migrants" from America in the Hamburg Asylum Friedrichsberg 1909]. / "Die sprachliche Verständigung ist selbstverständlich recht schwierig." Die "geisteskranken Rückwanderer" aus Amerika in der Hamburger Irrenanstalt Friedrichsberg 1909.

Between 1900 and 1914 many so-called "insane re-migrants" were admitted to the Hamburg Asylum in Friedrichsberg. These patients were mainly East European emigrants who had left Europe via Hamburg and who had been classified as insane and sent back by the US-authorities. About 450 relevant medical files are available, exactly 100 for the year 1909. Based on a quantitative examination of these files this paper provides a profile of these patients. It analyses how these patients were perceived and how physicians and authorities in Hamburg dealt with them. Furthermore several case histories and different circumstances of deportation from the USA will be discussed. The article shows a particular formation of madness in the context of transatlantic migration. Most of the patients spoke little or no German. Minders or fellow patients often acted as interpreters.